Sabtu, 30 April 2011

Bahasa Inggris 2 - Yes/No Question

Dalam bahasa Inggris, terdapat dua macam pertanyaan. Yes no Question dan Information Question. Information question adalah kalimat tanya yang menggunakan kata kata what, who, where, why, when, dan how. Yang akan kita coba bahas kali ini adalah yes no question
 
Yes no Question adalah pertanyaan yang menuntut jawaban yes atau no. Jenis pertanyaan ini diawali denganauxiliary (is, am, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had, can, may, must, should shall, will, could, atau would).

Contoh:
1. Do you love me?
Yes, I do/No, I don’t
2. Are you sleepy?
Yes, I am/No, I am not.
3. Can they climb the wall?
Yes, they can/No, they can’t.
4. Will you help me?
Yes, I will/No, I will not.
5. Is it hot?
Yes, It is/No, It isn't
6. Was it rain?
Yes, It was/No,it wasn't

Itu hanya beberapa contoh. Yang tidak boleh dilupakan adalah meletakkan auxilliary verb di depan kalimat sebelum subject. Dengan begitu otomatis kalimat akan berubah menjadi yes no question. Dan untuk jawaban, setelah kata yes atau no letakkan subject plus auxilliary verb

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Bahasa Inggris 2 - Noun Clause

1. How pat is feeling today?
I don’t know how pat is feeling  today

2. Why did they leave the country is a secret ?
I wonder why they left the country is a secret

3. Is there life on other planets?
I don't know if there is life on other planets

4. Did you leave your dictionary at library?
I don't know where i left my dictionary at the library

5. Does it belong to you?
I don't know why it belongs to me

4.

Kamis, 31 Maret 2011

Tugas Bahasa Inggris 2

Noun
Government
Difference
Construction
Instruction
Development
Agreement
Transportation
Reporters
Administration
Electricity
Involvement
Contract
Operation
Concession
Negotiation
Estimation
Company
Regulator
Friction
Mediation
Meeting
Hearing
Commision
Overseeing
Government
Difference

Adverb
Previously
Early
Delivery


Adjective 
Resolved
Official
Representatives
Necessary
Operational
Important
Expert

Senin, 28 Maret 2011

My Favorite movie "3 Idiots"


I’d like to tell you one of my favorite movie. This movie is “3 Idiots”. It is one of the best bollywood movie that I’ve ever watched. 3 Idiots is a 2009 Indian comedy film directed by Rajkumar Hirani and there are Aamir Khan, R. Madhavan, Sharman Joshi, Kareena Kapoor, Omi Vaidya, Parikshit Sahni and Boman Irani as its stars. This film also have won many awards, winning six Filmfare Awards including Filmfare Best Film Award and Filmfare Best Director Award, ten Star Screen Awards and sixteen IIFA awards.  So do you want to know more about this film? I have this movie review for you guys from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Idiots and also with my own opinion and review in this movie. Check it out !!!
 What do you expect with a film named “3 Idiots”?? is it a movie that have a story with 3 idiotic,moron,and stupid hero? If your answer the question like that. You are a big mistake. This movie starts with the story of two friends, who are in search of their third room-mate in the engineering college hostel, who actually helped them both in finding their own desired path in life. Farhan Qureshi (R. Madhavan), Raju Rastogi (Sharman Joshi), and Rancchoddas Shamaldas Chanchad "Rancho" (Aamir Khan) are three engineering students who share a room in a hostel at the Imperial College of Engineering "ICE". Farhan is studying engineering to pursue his father's wishes over his own wish to become a wildlife photographer. Raju is studying to raise his family's fortunes while Rancho, driven by his passion for machines and devices, studies for joy of it. However, due to this different approach Rancho incurs the wrath of dean of college, Professor Viru Shahastrabudhi (Virus) (Boman Irani). Rancho irritates lecturers with his creative and unorthodox answers. He confronts Virus after fellow student Joy Lobo commits suicide. Joy had requested an extension on his major project on compassionate grounds— Virus refused any extension. Rancho denounces the dog-eat-dog, rat race mentality of the institution, blaming it for Lobo's death.
Virus labels Rancho and his friends as "idiots" and attempts on a number of occasions to break up Rancho's friendship with Farhan and Raju. In contrast, Virus’ favorite student is Chatur Ramalingam or "Silencer", (Omi Vaidya) whose thinking is completely opposite from Racho who toes the line of the system, believes in mindless memorizing over understanding, in order to reach his goals of corporate and social status. On Teacher's Day Chatur is awarded the honour of making a speech. Since Rancho is well aware of Chatur's nature Rancho substitutes some of the speech paper with obscene words which has been written by the librarian. As expected, Chatur mindlessly memorises the speech, aided by his lack of understanding of Hindi. His speech becomes the laughing stock of the audience, infuriating the authorities in the process.
Meanwhile, Rancho also falls in love with Virus' medical student daughter Pia (Kareena Kapoor) when he, Raju and Farhan crash her sister's wedding banquet in order to get a free meal, in the process further infuriating Virus.
Meanwhile, the three students continue to anger Virus, although Rancho continues to come first in every exam, while Chatur is always second, and Farhan and Raju are consistently in the last two positions. The tensions come to a head when the three friends, who are already drunk, break into Virus' house at night to allow Rancho to propose to Pia, and then urinate on a door inside the compound before running away when Virus senses intruders. The next day, Virus threatens to expel Raju unless he talks on Rancho. Not wanting to betray his friend or let down his family, Raju jumps out of the 3rd floor window. He was in a coma and his friends stayed for him and they didn't even study for their final exam because according to Rancho, there are a lot of exams but there is only one father. The next day, Pia woke them because they will gonna be late in their final exam and for this not to happen, Rancho borrowed Pia's scooter bike. When they got in the school, they were already late and even though the time was already over for their exam, they still continued answering, so the professor did not accept their papers. So what Rancho did is that he asked the professor if he knew them and the prof said he did not, so Rancho mixed up the papers he arranged and they run. After how many weeks, Raju had awaked from coma after extensive care from Pia and her roommates.
The experience has changed Farhan and Raju, and they adopt Rancho's outlook. Farhan decides to pursue his love of photography, while Raju takes an unexpected approach for an interview for a corporate job. Farhan succeeds in convincing his father to allow him pursue his own dream and Raju attends the interview in plaster and a wheelchair and gives a series of non-conformal and frank answers, succeeding in the result. However, Virus is unsympathetic and vows to make the final exam as hard as possible so that Raju is unable to graduate and will lose the job. Pia hears this and takes Virus' spare keys with her. She tells Rancho of the exam, and he and Farhan break into Virus's office and steals the exam and give it to Raju, who with his new-found attitude, is unconcerned with the prospect of failing, and refuses to cheat and throws the paper away. However, Virus catches the trio and expels them on the spot. After that Pia angrily confronts him, denouncing him for the death of Pia's brother. Pia reveals that her brother was not killed in an accident but committed suicide in front of a train leaving a letter because Virus had forced him to pursue a career in engineering over his love for literature.
At the same time Viru's pregnant elder daughter Mona (Mona Singh) goes into labour. A heavy storm cuts all power and traffic, and Pia is in self-imposed exile because of her revealing of her brother's actions, so she instructs Rancho to deliver the baby in the college common room via VOIP, after Rancho restores power using car batteries and a power inverter that Rancho had dreamed up and Virus had mocked. Rancho, Farhan, Raju together deliver the baby with the help of a cobbled-together Vacuum extractor.
After the baby is apparently stillborn, Rancho resuscitates it. Virus reconciles with Rancho and his friends and awards the pen to Rancho which the professor had been keeping for decades before finding a brilliant enough student to gift it to and allows the three to appear their final exams.
Their story is framed as intermittent flashbacks from the present day, ten years after Chatur vowed revenge on Rancho for embarrassing him at the speech night and promised to become more successful than Rancho a decade later. Having lost contact with Rancho, who disappeared during the graduation party and went into seclusion, Raju and Farhan begin a journey to find him. They are joined by Chatur, now a wealthy and successful businessman, who joins them, brazenly confident that he has surpassed Rancho and also looking to seal a deal with a famous scientist and prospective business associate named Phunsukh Wangdu. When they find Rancho's house in Shimla, they find a completely different Rancho (Jaaved Jaffrey). From him they come to know that their friend was a destitute servant boy "Chhote" who loved learning, while he, the real Rancho, disliked study, so the family agreed to let the servant boy study in Rancho's place instead of labouring. In return, the real Rancho would pocket the qualifications and after graduating, the servant boy will cease all contact. The real Rancho reveals that Chhote is now a school-teacher in Ladakh.
Raju and Farhan then find Pia, and take her from her wedding mandap. Then they arrive in Rancho’s school. Pia and the fake Rancho rekindle their love, while Chatur mocks Rancho the school teacher "A for Apple, B for Ball". He asks Rancho to sign on a "Declaration of defeat" document. And sees that Rancho is using the pen which Virus had gifted him. Chatur snatches the pen from Rancho and starts to move back. When Rancho's friends ask what his real name is, he reveals that his real name is Phunsukh Wangdu and makes a phone call to Chatur as Phunsukh Wangdu, to tell him that he will not be able to sign the deal with him because Chatur had taken his pen. Chatur is horrified accepts his defeat and pleads his case with Phunsukh to establish the business relationship he was after.
Ok, that’s the story of 3 Idiots. So do you guys still think that this movie idiot? It’s a big no,right? With all lot of twists and turns and it keeps shifting between the present & the past in this movie. Plus, with a pleasant surprise twist climax. This movie is absolutely a GENIUS movie. If you ask me is it a good movie or not? I’ll tell you that this is a very recommended movie to watch with your family, friends, and others.

Kamis, 24 Februari 2011

Indirect Speech from The Story of Smart Monkey and Dull Crocodile


Direct : “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey. So he will be healthy again.”
Indirect : crocodile said to the monkey that his father was very sick, his father had to eat the heart of the monkey. So,his father would healthy again

Direct : “What’s for?”
Indirect : crocodile asked the monkey what it was for.

Direct : “Because I don’t bring my heart,”
Indirect : The monkey said to the lion that because he didn’t bring his heart.
Direct : “I left it under a tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.”Indirect : The monkey said to the lion that he left it under the tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.

Direct: “Where is your heart?”
Indirect : crocodile asked the monkey where monkey’s heart was.

Direct: “You are foolish”
Indirect : the monkey said to crocodile that crocodile was foolish

Direct : “Now I am free and I have my heart.”
Indirect : the monkey said to crocodile that  he was free and he had his heart then

Rabu, 23 Februari 2011

The Story of Smart Monkey and Dull Crocodile

One day there was a monkey. He wanted to cross a river. There he saw a crocodile so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side of the river. The crocodile agree and told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the crocodile swam down the river with the monkey on his top.
Unluckily, the crocodile was very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river and said to the monkey, “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey. So he will be healthy again.”At the time, the monkey was in dangerous situation and he had to think hard. Then he had a good idea. He told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank. “What’s for?” asked the crocodile. “Because I don’t bring my heart,” said the monkey. “I left it under a tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.”The crocodile agreed and turned around. He swam back to the bank of the river. As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back. Then he climbed up to the top of a tree.
“Where is your heart?” asked the crocodile. “You are foolish,” said the monkey to the crocodile. “Now I am free and I have my heart.”

Minggu, 31 Oktober 2010

Manusia dan Keindahan


Keindahan

Kata keindahan berasal dari kata indah, artinya bagus, permai, cantik, elok, molek dan sebagainya. Keidahan identik dengan kebenaran. Keindahan kebenaran dan kebenaran adalah keindahan. Keduanya mempunyai nilai yang sama yaitu abadi, dan mempunyai daya tarik yang selalu bertambah. Yang tidak mengandung kebenaran berarti tidak indah. Keindahan juga bersifat universal, artinya tidak terikat oleh selera perseorangan, waktu dan tempat, kedaerahan, selera mode, kedaerahan atau lokal.

Apakah keindahan Itu ?

Sebenarnya sulit bagi kita untuk menyatakan apakah keindahan itu. Keindahan itu suatu konsep abstrak yang tidak dapat dinikmati karena tidak jelas. Keindahan itu baru jelas jika telah dihubungkan dengan sesuatu yang berwujud atau suatu karya. Dengan kata lain keindahan itu baru dapat dinikmati  jika dihubungkan dengan suatu bentuk. Dengan bentuk itu keindahan berkomunikasi
Menurut cakupannya orang harus membedakan keindahan sebagai suatu kualita abstrak dan sebagai sebuah benda tertentu yang indah. Untuk pembedaan itu dalam bahasa Inggris sering dipergunakan istilah “beauty” (keindahan) dan “the beautiful” (benda atau hal indah). Dalam pembatasan filsafat, kedua pengertian ini kadang-kaang dicampuradukkan saja. Disamping itu terdapat pula perbedaan menurut luasnya pengertian; yakni
a. keindahan dalam arti luas
b. keindahan dalam arti estetis murni
c. keindahan dalam arti terbatas dalam pengertiannya dengan penglihatan
Keindahan alam arti luas merupakan pengertian semula dari bangsa Yunani dulu yang didalamnya tercakup pula kebaikan. Plato misalnya menyebut tentang watak yang indah dan hukum yang indah, sedang Aristoteles merumuskan keindahan sebagai sesuatu yang selain baik juga menyenangkan. Plotinus menulis tentang ilmu yang indah, kebajikan yang indah. Orang Yunani dulu berbicara juga tentang buah pikiran yang indah dan adapt kebiasaan yang indah. Tapi bangsa Yunani juga mengenal keindahan dalam arti estetis yang disebutnya “symetria” untuk keindahan berdasarkan penglihatan dan harmonia untuk keindahan berdasarkan pendengaran. Jadi pengertian keindahan seluas-luasnya meliputi : keindahan seni, keindahan alam, keindahan moral dan keindahan intelektual.
Keindahan dalam arti estetik murni menyangkut pengalaman estetis dari seseorang dalam hubungannya dengan segala sesuatu yang dicerapnya. Sedang keindahan dalam arti terbatas lebih disempitkan sehingga hanya menyangkut benda-benda yang dicerapnya dengan penglihatan, yakni berupa keindahan dari bentuk dan warna.
Nilai estetik.
Dalam rangka teori umum tentang nilai The Liang gie menjelaskan bahwa pengertian keindahan dianggap sebagai salah satu jenis nilai sepertihalnya nilai moral, nilai ekonomik, nilai pendidikan dan sebagainya. Nilai yang berhubungan dengan segaa sesuatu yang tercakup dalam pengertian keindahan disebut nilai estetik. Nilai adalah suatu relaitas psikologis yang harus dibedakan secara tegas dari kegunaan, karena terdapat dalam jiwa manusia dan bukan pada bendanya itu sendiri. Nilai itu oleh orang dipercaya terdapa pada sesuatu benda sampai terbukti ketakbenarannya.
Tentang nilai ada yang membedakan antara nilai subyektif dan nilai obyektif. Atau ada yang membedakan nilai perseorangan dan nilai kemasyarakatan. Tetapi penggolongan yang penting adalah nilai instrinsik dan nilai ekstrinsik. Nilai ekstrinsik adalah sifat baik dari suatu benda sebagai alat atau sarana untuk sesuatu hal lainnya ( instrumental/contributory) yakni nilai yang bersifat sebagai alat atau membantu. Nilai instrinsik adalah sifat baik dari benda yang bersangkutan, atu sebagai sesuatu tujuan, atau demi kepentingan benda itu sendiri. Sebagai contoh :
Puisi. Bentuk puisi yang terdiri dari bahasa, diksi baris, sajak, irama, itu disebut nilai ekstrinsik, sedangkan pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada pembaca melalui (alat benda ) puisi itu disebut nilai instrinsik. Tarian damarwulan Minakjonggo merupakan nilai ekstrinsik, sedang pesan yang ingin disampaikan oleh tarian itu ialah kebaikan melawan kejahatan merupakan nilai instrinsik.




Apa sebab manusia menciptakan keindahan ?
1. Tata nilai yang telah usang
2. Kemerosotan zaman
3. Penderitaan Manusia
4. Keagungan Tuhan


Teori Pengungkapan.
Dalil teori ini ialah bahwa “arts is an expresition of human feeling” ( seni adalah suatu pengungkapan dari perasaan manusia) Teori ini terutama bertalian dengan apa yang dialami oleh seorang seniman ketika menciptakan karya seni. Tokoh teori ekspresi yang paling terkenal ialah filsuf Italia Benedeto Croce (1886-1952) Beliau antara lain menyatakan bahwa “Seni adalah pengungkapan pesan-pesan) expression adalah sama dengan intuition, dan intuisi adalah pegnetahuan intuitif yang diperoleh melalui penghayatan tentagn hal-hal individual yang menghasilkan gambaran angan-angan (images). Dengan demikian pengungkapan itu berwujud pelbagai gambaran angan-angan seperti misalnya images warna, garis dan kata. Bagi seseorang pengungkapan berarti menciptakan seni dalam dirinya tanpa perlu adanya kegiatan jasmaniah keluar. Pengalamam estetis seseorang tidak lain adalah ekspresi dalam gambaran angan-angan. Seorang tokoh lainnya adalah Leo Tolstoi dia menegaskan bahwa kegiatan seni aalah memunculkan dalam diri sendiri suatu perasaan yagn seseorang telah mengalaminya dan setelah memunculkan itu kemudian dengan perantaraan berbagai gerak, garis, warna, suara dan bentuk yang diungkapkan dalam kata-kata memindahkan perasaan itu sehingga orang-orang mengalami perasaan yang sama.
Teori Metafisik
Teori seni yang bercotak metafisik merupakan salah satu contoh teori yang tertua, yakni berasal dari Plato yang karya-karyanya untuk sebagian membahas estetik filsafat, konsepsi keindahan dari teori seni. Mengenai sumber seni Plato mengungkapkan suatu teori peniruan (imitation teori). Ini sesuai dengan metafisika Plato yang mendalikan adanya dunia ide pada tarat yang tertinggi sebgai realita Ilahi. Paa taraf yang lebih rendah terdapat realita duniawi ini yang merupakan cerminan semu dan mirip realita ilahi. Dan karyu seni yang dibuat manusia adalah merupakan mimemis (tiruan) dari ralita duniawi
Teori Psikologis
Para ahli estetik dalam abad modern menelaah teori-teori seni dari sudut hubungan karya seni dan alam pikiran penciptanya dengan mempergunakan metode-metode psikologis. Misalnya berdasarkan psikoanalisa dikemukakan bahwa proses penciptaan seni adalah pemenuhan keinginan-keinginan bawah sadar dari seseorang seniman. Sedang karya seni tiu merupakan bentuk terselubung atau diperhalus yang wujudkan keluar dari keinginan-keinginan itu. Teori lain lagi yaitu teori permainan yang dikembangkan oleh Fredrick Schiller (1757 -1805) dan Herbert Spencer ( 1820 – 1903 ) menurut Schiller, asal seni adalah dorongan batin untuk bermain-main (play impulse) yang ada dalam diri seseorang. Seni merupakan semacam permainan menyeimbangkan segenap kemampuan mental manusia berhubungan dengan adanya kelebihan energi yang harus dikeluarkan. Dalam teori penandaan (signification theory) memandang seni sebagai lambang atau tanda dari perasaan manusia.